Amethyst: a purple crystal, is caused by SiO2 containing trace iron, after irradiation, one of the electrons in the electron shell of the trivalent iron ion is excited, producing hole color, hole production and absorption mainly at visible light 550nm, and make the crystal purple, but ferric oxide is unstable, heat easy to become ferric, so amethyst is easy to fade, Amethyst color distribution is often uneven, clumpy, sometimes see parallel ribbons. It has weak to moderate dichroism and may have all inclusions found in crystals, as well as characteristic "zebra stripes" and dark opaque inclusions like spheres and droplets.

Topaz: A yellow crystal composed of trace amounts of iron. Yellow crystals are generally more transparent, with the same internal characteristics as amethyst, and most of the yellow crystals on the market are heated by amethyst.

A green crystal, rarely produced naturally and obtained chiefly by heating amethyst; Or crystals containing inclusions of green minerals such as chlorite.

Hibiscus stone: Also known as rose quartz, light to medium pink crystal, light color, due to the composition of trace Mn and Ti, few single crystals, usually dense lump aggregate, turbidity milky appearance, sometimes containing directional arrangement of aciculate rutile inclusions, so that grinding into curved stones can show starlight.

Two-color crystal: a crystal in which purple and yellow coexist. Purple and yellow occupy a part of the crystal block respectively, and the two colors have a clear boundary. Two-color crystal is caused by the double crystals in the crystal, and purple and yellow develop in the r and z sides of the double crystal monomer, respectively. Quartz cat's eye: When the crystal contains a large number of parallel fibrous inclusions, the cat's eye effect can be displayed on the curved gem surface. Generally, the quartz cat's eye has a high curved surface and the fibrous inclusions are clearly visible.

Starlight crystal: When the crystal contains two or more groups of needle-like and fibrous inclusions in directional arrangement, starlight effect can be displayed on the surface of the curved gemstone, usually in the form of six-shot starlight or radiant starlight.

Donglingshi: It is a kind of quartzite with the effect of placer gold stone. The common green Donglingshi containing chromica in the market is slightly transparent under the microscope. It is mainly produced in India. The quartz grains are relatively coarse, 0.1-0.6mm, and the flake minerals contained in them are relatively large and roughly oriented. Slightly maroon in the Charles filter.

Miyu: named for its production in Mixian County, Henan Province, it is a compact quartzite containing 3~5% fine scaly sericite, mainly green series, light green, emerald green, bean green and so on. Compared with Donglingshi, Miyu is more delicate and dense, and the quartz particle size is mainly 0.02~0.25mm, without obvious effect of placer gold stone. At higher magnification, fine green mica can be seen in a more uniform network distribution. Guicui: Named for its occurrence in Guizhou Province, it is a fine grained quartzite containing green kaolinite with an uneven gray tint of green. It is generally used only for low-grade ornaments.

Beijing white jade: Named for its origin in the suburbs of Beijing, it is a white quartzite with a fine texture and glossy oil. It is sometimes used to pass for white tallow jade, distinguished by its low density and refractive index.

Chalchalony: ultra microscopic cryptocrystalline quartz aggregate, single crystal is fibrous, intergranular pores filled with water and bubbles, density lower than quartz, about 2.60g/cm. Because chalcedony is porous, it is easy to stain, and the brightly colored chalcedony commonly found on the market is dyed. It is worth mentioning that the color of chalcedony is stable after dyeing, and it is also a kind of low-grade jade. The national standard provisions are optimized without explanation.

Agate: chalcedony with a ring structure, the central ring is sometimes empty, sometimes filled with crystal, the most common natural color of agate is white and gray, can also appear yellow brown, brown red, blue, lavender and so on. The basic nature of agate is the same as chalcedony, according to the inclusion characteristics, color distribution has the following special varieties.

Moss agate: A uniform, translucent chalcedony containing dendritic green chlorite or black manganese oxide and red iron oxide. Wrapped impurities are often moss-like, generally used as ornamental stones, also known as landscape agate, is a valuable variety of agate.

Onyx: Also known as banded agate, onyx is a relatively simple color with relatively straight bands. Commonly used in stone carving and relief, common onyx may have alternating black bands, or alternating red and white bands. When the bands of onyx are so fine as to resemble silk, it is called silk agate.

Water gallbladder agate: It contains visible gas-liquid inclusions and rotates the agate gas-liquid inclusions to move.

Jasper: a kind of chalcedony containing more impurities, the main impurity is iron oxide, so jasper is often red, but also because of other impurities and green, dark blue or black. Jasper is opaque, dim luster, a different color strip, color blocks glow each other, like a beautiful natural landscape jasper called landscape jasper; A dark green jasper with red spots is called blood drops.

A green chalcedony with a green, uniform, transparent to translucent color due to traces of nickel; found chiefly in Australia.